Prevalencia de sepsis neonatal confirmada microbiológicamente en una maternidad de la Ciudad Autó noma de Buenos Aires / Prevalence of microbiologically confirmed neonatal sepsis at a maternity center in the City of Buenos Aires

Introducción. En neonatos internados es frecuente sospechar sepsis neonatal, pero solo en el 25 % al 30 % se confirma con cultivos positivos. La selección del esquema antibiótico basándose en la epidemiología local favorece el uso racional y minimiza sus efectos colaterales. Objetivo primario. Describir la prevalencia de sepsis precoz y tardía con rescate microbiológico y sus características clínicas. Población y método. Estudio transversal retrospectivo, realizado del 1 de enero de 2013 al 31 de diciembre de 2017, en una maternidad pública de Argentina, que incluyó todos los recién nacidos internados en la unidad con diagnóstico de sepsis precoz y tardía con rescate microbiológico, y aquellos reingresados dentro del mes de vida. Resultados. Ingresaron 3322 recién nacidos, 1296 evaluados por sospecha de sepsis precoz, cultivos positivos en 25 (1,9 %; tasa: 0,86 ‰). El 52 % eran menores de 33 semanas de edad gestacional. Microorganismos: Escherichia coli 5, Listeria monocytogenes 4, Streptococcus agalactiae (SGB) 3, Streptococcus pneumoniae 3. Sepsis tardía (tasa 8,73 ‰), el 68 % ocurridas en menores de 33 semanas. Microorganismos intrahospitalarios: Staphylococcus coagulasa negativos 115, Staphylococcus aureus 47, Escherichia coli 30, Cándida spp. 16, Enterococcus faecalis 13, Klebsiella pneumoniae 11 y Streptococcus agalactiae 10. En los reingresos: E. coli 11, S. aureus 12, SGB 3 y Haemophilus influenzae 3. Conclusiones. Se observa en el período estudiado una frecuencia de sepsis precoz similar a los reportes internacionales, con predominio de E. coli y L. monocytogenes. La tasa de sepsis tardía presentó una tendencia descendente en los años analizados, con predominio de los cocos grampositivos

Introduction. Neonatal sepsis is often suspected in hospitalized newborn infants, but only in 25­30% of cases it is confirmed via a positive culture. Selecting the antibiotics based on local epidemiology favors their rational use and minimizes their side effects. Primary objective. To describe the prevalence of early- and late-onset sepsis with microorganism isolation and their clinical characteristics. Population and method. Retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted between 01-01-2013 and 12-31-2017 in a public maternity center of Argentina in all hospitalized newborn infants with a diagnosis of early- and late-onset sepsis with microorganism isolation, and those re-admitted in their first month of life. Results. A total of 3322 newborn infants were admitted; 1296 were assessed for suspected early- onset sepsis; 25 had a positive culture (1.9%; rate: 0.86‰). Of these, 52% were born before 33 weeks of gestation. Microorganisms: Escherichia coli 5, Listeria monocytogenes 4, Streptococcus agalactiae (SGB) 3, Streptococcus pneumoniae 3. Also, 68% of late-onset sepsis cases (rate: 8.73‰) occurred in infants born before 33 weeks of gestation. Hospital-acquired microorganisms: coagulase-negative Staphylococcus 115, Staphylococcus aureus 47, Escherichia coli 30, Candida spp. 16, Enterococcus faecalis 13, Klebsiella pneumoniae 11, and Streptococcus agalactiae 10. In re-admissions: E. coli 11, S. aureus 12, SGB 3, and Haemophilus influenzae 3. Conclusions. During the study period, the frequency of early-onset sepsis was similar to international reports, with a predominance of E. coli and L. monocytogenes. The rate of late-onset sepsis showed a downward trend in the analyzed years, with a predominance of Gram-positive cocci.

Riesgos psicosociales ante la amenaza infecciosa en personal de enfermería en un centro de salud de Ecuador 2020 / Psychosocial risks to the infectious threat in nursing personnel in a health center in Ecuador 2020

Desarrollar actividades en una institución de salud, expone a los enfermeros a múltiples agentes biológicos de potencial amenaza infecciosa como Hepatitis A, B, C, VIH/Sida, Tuberculosis, Varicela, Tuberculosis, Rubeola, Citomegalovirus, COVID-19, entre otras enfermedades trasmisibles, promoviendo un riesgo psicosocial al temor de contagiarse. Determinar los riesgos psicosociales ante la amenaza infecciosa en personal de enfermería de un hospital de Ecuador. Fue un estudio epidemiológico-descriptivo de cohorte transversal entre septiembre a diciembre de 2020, con una muestra de 74 enfermeros. Recolección de datos se aplicó una encuesta de 44 preguntas cerradas dicotómicas. Los datos se almacenaron en Microsoft Excel y se analizaron con Epidat. Como resultado 68,92% eran sexo femenino, con edades entre 31-35 (33,78%), 58,11% casados, 41,89% solteros y 60,81% tenían hijos. Los riesgos psicológicos característicos fueron 24,32% de ansiedad, 21,62% estrés, 18,92% depresión, 12,16% trastornos de sueño, 8,11% trastornos de conducta alimentaria y consumo de psicofármacos, 4,05% pensamientos suicidas y 2,70% consumen alcohol, el más resaltante de los riesgos sociales fue el distanciamiento familiar con 37,84%. Se concluye que el riesgo biológico es, sin duda, el más frecuente entre los riesgos laborales del personal de salud, aflorando distintos niveles de ansiedad, lo cual pone en juego incluso hasta la calidad de atención que se pueda otorgar a los pacientes.

Developing activities in a health institution, exposes nurses to multiple biological agents of potential infectious threat such as Hepatitis A, B, C, HIV / AIDS, Tuberculosis, Varicella, Tuberculosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, COVID-19, among other communicable diseases , promoting a psychosocial risk to fear of being infected. To determine the psychosocial risks in the face of the infectious threat in nursing personnel of a hospital in Ecuador. It was an epidemiological-descriptive study of a cross-sectional cohort between September and December 2020, with a sample of 74 nurses. Data collection, a survey of 44 closed dichotomous questions was applied. The data were stored in Microsoft Excel and analyzed with Epidat. As a result, 68.92% were female, with ages between 31-35 (33.78%), 58.11% were married, 41.89% were single, and 60.81% had children. The characteristic psychological risks were 24.32% anxiety, 21.62% stress, 18.92% depression, 12.16% sleep disorders, 8.11% eating disorders and consumption of psychotropic drugs, 4.05% thoughts suicides and 2.70% consume alcohol, the most prominent of the social risks was family distancing with 37.84%. It is concluded that biological risk is, without a doubt, the most frequent among the occupational risks of health personnel, raising different levels of anxiety, which puts at stake even the quality of care that can be given to patients.

Successful xenotransfusion from a domestic dog (Canis familiaris) to an Andean fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) / Sucesso da xenotransfusão de um cão doméstico (Canis familiaris) para uma raposa andina (Lycalopex culpaeus)

An Andean fox was transferred to the Wildlife Hospital of the Universidad San Francisco de Quito for evaluation of injuries caused by a run over. Clinical signs of hypovolemic shock were detected. Radiographies showed multiple pelvic fractures and free fluid in retroperitoneal cavity. The presumptive diagnosis was hemorrhagic shock caused by blood loss secondary to a pelvis fracture. An emergency xenotransfusion using blood from a domestic dog was performed without acute transfusion reactions observed. This is the first report of successful xenotransfusion between a domestic dog and an Andean fox presenting a procedure that could be applied in emergency situations.(AU)

Uma raposa andina foi levada ao Hospital da Vida Selvagem da Universidad San Francisco de Quito para avaliar os ferimentos causados por um atropelamento. Sinais clínicos de choque hipovolêmico foram detectados. Radiografias mostraram múltiplas fraturas pélvicas e fluido livre na cavidade retroperitoneal. O diagnóstico presuntivo foi um choque hemorrágico causado por perda sanguínea secundária a uma fratura pélvica. Uma xenotransfusão de emergência foi realizada com o sangue de um cão doméstico sem reações agudas transfusionais. Este é o primeiro relato bem sucedido de xenotransfusão entre um cão doméstico e uma raposa andina, demonstrando que é um procedimento que poderá ser considerado em situações de emergência.(AU)

Phenolic content analysis of coffee leaves subjected to htst and convective drying / Análisis del contenido fenólico de hojas de café sujetas a secado htst y convectivo

SUMMARY As a potential beverage, coffee leaf tea may possess both qualities of brewed coffee and regular tea. Thus, making it an attractive beverage in years to come. One of the main qualities is the leaf's phenolic content, which is chiefly attributed with health benefits. However, the leaf's total phenolic content may be adversely affected by heat during the drying process. Coffee leaves were dried using a combined drying process, high-temperature short-time (HTST) and convective drying, to assess the optimal drying parameters for both total phenolic content preservation and drying time reduction. To reach conclusions, a central composite rotational design (CCRD) was employed. With both temperature and thickness as independent variables, a response surface using time as dependent variable was generated. The temperature ranged from 80°C to 110°C and the thickness from 1cm to 3cm. Results indicate that the HTST pretreatment significantly reduced the drying time without affecting the total phenolic content; that is, the CCRD analysis on the effect of the HTST pretreatment on the total phenolic content did not yield statistically significant results.

RESUMEN Como bebida potencial, el té de hojas de café posee cualidades, tanto de café preparado como de té regular, por lo tanto, será una bebida interesante en los próximos años. Una de las principales cualidades es el contenido fenólico de las hojas, a lo cual, se atribuyen beneficios sobre la salud; sin embargo, el contenido fenólico total (TPC), se puede ver afectado negativamente por el calor, durante el proceso de secado. Hojas de café fueron secadas usando un proceso de secado combinado, tiempo corto y alta temperatura (HTST) y secado convectivo, para establecer los parámetros óptimos de secado, tanto para la preservación del TPC como para la reducción del tiempo de secado. Para obtener conclusiones, un diseño de experimentos rotacional central compuesto (CCRD) fue aplicado. Usando como variables independientes la temperatura y el espesor, se generó una superficie de respuesta, empleando el tiempo, como variable dependiente. El rango de temperatura usado fue entre 80 y 110 y de espesor, entre 1 y 3cm. Los resultados indican que el pretratamiento de HTST redujo significativamente el tiempo de secado, sin afectar el TPC, es decir, el análisis del CCRD sobre el efecto del pretratamiento del HTST en el TPC no obtuvo resultados estadísticamente significativos.

Bacteriemia por Shigella flexneri en dos lactantes / Shigella flexneri bacteremia in children: two case report and review of literature

Resumen Shigella spp. es el aislamiento microbiológico más frecuente en las diarreas bacterianas en Argentina. Clínicamente puede causar desde una diarrea acuosa hasta disentería. En forma infrecuente causa complicaciones extraintestinales, con una incidencia de bacteriemia desde 0,4 a 7,3%; asociado a factores de riesgo como niños menores de un año de edad e inmunodeficiencias, entre otros. Presentamos los casos clínicos de dos lactantes con bacteriemia por Shigella flexneri, que consultaron por fiebre y diarrea, uno de ellos con diagnóstico de inmunodeficiencia primaria.

Shigella spp. is the most frequent micro-biological isolation in bacterial diarrhea in Argentina. It causes a watery diarrhea or dysenteric disease. It rarely causes extraintestinal problems. It has an incidence of bacteremia of 0,4-7,3%, and its appearance compels us to look for associated risk factors, as children under one year of age and immunodeficiency, among others. We describe two children with Shigella flexneri bacteremia. They presented with fever and diarrhea. One of them had primary immune deficiency.